It Is Hard To Believe That The Colonizers Of Half Of The

It is hard to believe that the colonizers of half of the world, the English, had the worst vision for women, especially prostitutes. Their biggest backlash was being unable to give justice and proper treatment to everybody. Having a strong belief to change the society and their vision for prostitutes, Josephine Butler became a social worker and started a campaign against the cruelty of law enforcement officers. Josephine Butler was the author of this amazing book â€Å"Truth Before Everything† which portrays the struggle initiated with repealing laws and acts that allowed law enforcement officers to break the moral barrier. The book â€Å"Truth Before Everything† represents the author s dissatisfaction, attitude, uneasiness, and an intention to†¦show more content†¦Butler continued her entire life as a social reformer and a suffragist and taught political economy in the early years of her career. Throughout Butler’s life, many of the writings gained prom inence. Some of them are, The Constitution Violated (1871), Social Purity (1879), The Hour Dawn (1882), Truth Before Everything (1898), and Native Races and The War (1900). For all the effort and hardship, Butler received the Grand Cross of the order of the British Empire in 1924. Butler was honored with an Honorary of Doctorate of Laws from University of St. Andrews in 1905 before receiving the cross. Butler could achieve this feat due to the constant support of George, a husband who never left wife’s side and always valued decisions made by Josephine. Her husband continued to support her even after he was ordered to leave his job in the university because of Butler’s revolution campaign. The vision of society for women or specifically prostitutes was totally inadmissible back in mid-1800’s. Due to the low economic background and pitiful situations, young girls were compelled to join the darkest part of society, a place where there’s no turning back, a p lace where she will be treated as a puppet, an evil part of a society called prostitution. Going to school and having a good outdoor job was for men, for women, it was none other than household jobs. The critical condition in the poor family made young girls walk towards hell. Back in time, there was a one-sidedShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of John Stuart Mill s Flags, Anthems, Art, And Traditions1693 Words   |  7 PagesJohn Stuart Mill believes that identity is an important part in decision-making; he might even argue that it is necessary in order to have nationalism. However, one’s self identity and nationalism can easily be strengthened or weakened with the introduction of new customs and cultures, as apparent in Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe and Netherland by Joseph O’Neill. 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In Arundhati Roy’s novel â€Å"The God of Small Things†, the Kochamma family is a familyRead MoreThe Spaniards And The Indians1238 Words   |  5 Pagesonly fighting deaths but also â€Å"†¦disease a smallpox epidemic that devastated Aztec society.† (Foner, GML Pg21) Cortà © s is victories and begins catholic conversion along with enslavement. Masses are killed and enslaved over; non-conversion, surrender, hard labor, and fighting back. Years go by; millions of Indians are wiped out, due to; disease, brutality, starvation, and labor. â€Å"At first, the Indians were forced to stay six months away at work later, the time was extended to eight months and this wasRead More Reality and Illusion in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay3966 Words   |  16 Pagesearth had suddenly become audible.’ (Conrad, 44). 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Principles? Principles won’t do. Acquisitions, clothes, pretty rags—rags that would fly off at the first good shake? No; you want a deliberate belief.’†* The inherent strength of civilized people is in our ability to trust to faith, to believe so much in something that it will preserve our sense of self even when it isRead MoreEssay on Marlows Racism in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness3589 Words   |  15 Pagesopposing forces represent the two conflicting viewpoints present in every dilemma, be it cultural, social, or otherwise.   As a modern European man who believes religiously in imperialism, Marlow is inherently arrogant.   Yet, although he cannot accept the African jungle as being equally important as imperialism, his experiences there lead him to believe otherwise.   Essentially, t his is Marlows inner conflict.   Everything he has believed in his entire life seems to crumble around him.   His view of theRead MoreConsequences Of Colonization Of Africa1599 Words   |  7 Pagessegregation of the nation based on race and ethnicity alone. 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Motorcycle Essay Example For Students

Motorcycle Essay Araby Anyone still capable of wondering aloud whether the last word on Joyce has not already been publisheddemonstrates an ignorance of the scope of the problem comparable to assuming that the Model T Ford is the lastword in locomotive possibilities (Benstock 1). This quote of Bernard Benstock serves as evidence to thecomplexity and the brilliance of James Joyces works. In fact, some would say that his works were too brilliantand complex, as it took ten years for his collection of short stories, Dubliners, to be published because hispublishing company refused to print it. As one critic said, It is difficult to speak of Dubliners because these arerealistic short stories (Jaloux 69). These stories first met resistance, but then were acclaimed as genius andclear hard prose. One story, Araby, was singled out by two renowned critics as the best of the collection(Atherton 39). Joyce was notorious for using common themes in his stories and leaving them for the reader tofind and interpret. T he dream of escape by the lead character, a partial foundation upon real life, and frustrationare all prevailing themes in Araby. Of all the themes employed by Joyce in Araby, none were so basic to thestorys meaning as the dream of escape (Atherton 13). This theme not only appears in his short stories, but in hismajor works as well. In Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, the leading characters name is a suggestion ofescape, with Dedalus, of course, referring to the ancient Greek inventor who fashioned wings from wax and flewaway. This theme is considered to be the most important of the story because escaping from the mundane realityhe lives in is the whole premise behind the boys visit to the Araby circus. None of the events that transpired inthe telling of this story would have occurred had it not been for the boys drive to escape his surroundings, even ifit were only for one night. Although there has been no argument about the dream of escape, many disagreementshave risen over what causes this dream. The seemingly oppressive nature of his surroundings and the constantfeeling of being trapped are certainly motivations for the boy to dream of escape. In the story, he lives in a housemore or less devoid of love. Both the boy and his aunt fear the uncle, and Joyce implies that he drinks heavilyand the boy knows it. The house is somewhat bare, because they cannot afford to furnish it, and behind thehouse was a row of slum cottages of which the children who dwelled in them were referred to as the roughtribes(Atherton 40). All of these inglorious contributions to the atmosphere surrounding the young boy make itimpossible not to dream of escape. When he finally heard of the Araby circus and the possible escape it couldprovide him, there was nothing he could do to get the thought out of his head. As he states in the story, I couldnot call my wandering thoughts together. I had hardly any patience with the serious work of life, itseemed tomeugly monotonous childs pl ay (Joyce 37). Another thing Joyce relied on in his stories was their partialfoundation on real life. Although it is obvious he had a vivid imagination, he used his own life experiences in hiswork. Araby is certainly no exception. From May 14th to 19th, 1894, in Dublin, there is evidence of a bazaar bythe name of Araby that benefited a local hospital. At the time, Joyce would have been twelve years old, and thenor shortly after, he resided at 17 Richmond Street North, invariably the same house described in the story(Atherton 40). Similar incidences occurred during the boys trip to the Araby circus. For instance, Joycesreference to not finding a sixpenny entrance, which, being half the price of admission, is what a child wouldexpect to go in for. This suggests remembrance of an actual event and not just the motion of events as theywould occur in someones mind that had not experienced it. The final thing that upholds the sense of realism is theexact recollection of how much money is l eft in his pocket, and the implied realization that the boy knows hecannot buy anything or else he wont have enough money left for the train ride home (Atherton 46). One thingthat has always bothered readers of Joyces works is the reason he relied so heavily on using his ownexperiences as foundations for his stories. There have been numerous suggestions as to why he did this, but themost promising reason is to fill in the gaps in his life, especially in dealing with his childhood (Atherton 40). Whenconsidering the family situation in this story compared to Joyces at the time, he was in fact living with both of hisparents along with three brothers and six sisters. The portrayal of himself living with a childless aunt and uncle is atestament to the loneliness he felt living with nine siblings, and the lack of specialized attention from his father andmother. The deadness of the house emphasized by Joyce altering his family situation in the story helps to conveythe atmosphere of decaden ce he aimed at (Atherton 45). The final prevailing theme of Araby is the frustration ofthe boy. Frustration was a part of everyday life for the boy in the story. Every morning, he would suffer thefrustration of an infatuation with a girl he later realized he would never have. Every evening he dealt with thefrustration of a self-serving uncle of whom both he and his aunt were afraid. Then comes the frustration of hisuncle arriving home late on the night he is to visit Araby and delaying him further with jokes that were not funny(Joyce 39). The ultimate display of frustration in this story comes in the end, after the boy arrives at the circus tofind that most of the booths are already closed, and that he will have to go home empty-handed. As was alludedto earlier, the dream of escape comes back into play with the theme of frustration, as he is most frustratedbecause his one chance of escape has been denied. Joyce uses all of the previous frustration endured by the boyas a springboard for the epiphany he realized in the end. Before the boy had accepted all of the frustration thathad come with his life, and after the destruction of what was supposed to be his magical escape at Araby circus,all that frustration turns into anger and darkness. The fact that the boy has now turned to anger suggests adetermination emerging in him to find his escape, and as only Joyce can, he leaves the reader to determinewhether that goal would have been reached down the road (Atherton 46-7). Joyces Araby was arguably one ofthe best of his short stories, and it included all of the elements typical in his writing; taking common themes andleaving everything else to the readers imagination. The three common themes used in Araby, dream of escape,partial foundation on real life, and frustration, all leave a lot to the imagination. Joyce has a sixth sense of knowingjust how far to develop each theme in order to create endless possibilities of discussion, which is why his workshave stood up t o the scrutiny of countless critics and new angles of discussion are being introduced all the time. .u97287c76d325f64fad787f6aad51ba2d , .u97287c76d325f64fad787f6aad51ba2d .postImageUrl , .u97287c76d325f64fad787f6aad51ba2d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u97287c76d325f64fad787f6aad51ba2d , .u97287c76d325f64fad787f6aad51ba2d:hover , .u97287c76d325f64fad787f6aad51ba2d:visited , .u97287c76d325f64fad787f6aad51ba2d:active { border:0!important; } .u97287c76d325f64fad787f6aad51ba2d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u97287c76d325f64fad787f6aad51ba2d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u97287c76d325f64fad787f6aad51ba2d:active , .u97287c76d325f64fad787f6aad51ba2d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u97287c76d325f64fad787f6aad51ba2d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u97287c76d325f64fad787f6aad51ba2d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u97287c76d325f64fad787f6aad51ba2d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u97287c76d325f64fad787f6aad51ba2d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u97287c76d325f64fad787f6aad51ba2d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u97287c76d325f64fad787f6aad51ba2d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u97287c76d325f64fad787f6aad51ba2d .u97287c76d325f64fad787f6aad51ba2d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u97287c76d325f64fad787f6aad51ba2d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Childhood Shyness and Childrens Literature Essay WORKS CITED Atherton, J. S. Araby. James Joyces Dubliners. Ed. Clive Hart. New York: The VikingPress, 1969. 39-47. Benstock, Bernard. Introduction. Critical Essays on James Joyce. By Bernard Benstock. Boston: G. K. Hall Company, 1985. 1. Jaloux, Edmond. A French View of Dubliners. James Joyce TheCritical Heritage. Ed. Robert H. Deming. New York: Barnes and Noble, Inc., 1970. 69-70. Joyce, James. Dubliners. New York: Parkway Printing Company, 1926. 33-41. ARABY ENC1102 Section 54 February 23,1999 Word Count: 1348 Miscellaneous

The Difference between Agricultural Societies and Hunter

Discussing the Distinctions between social groups In the course of time, people have been searching for techniques and approaches to adjust to geographical, social, and cultural environment in the past and in the modern contexts. Gradual development of social and culturally different groups and nations, however, is not predetermined by a biological evolution, or by unequal conditions for the civilization development.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on The Difference between Agricultural Societies and Hunter-Gathers Societies in the Past specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this respect, Brody distinguishes between two social groups – hunters-gatherers and farmers – that were formed irrespectively of each other due to the certain historical and social conditions (14). Hence, the author states that farmers are more mobile, restless, nomadic, and expansive in comparison with hunter-gathers who prefer to stay on a more secure, home territory (Brody 114). The difference between agricultural societies and hunter-gathers societies also lies in temporal characteristics and the level of technological penetrations (Gonzalez 3). In particular, farmers are more developed in technological terms because they should work out strategies for increasing productivity and advancing farming practices. However, Gonzalez emphasizes that original farmers who lived on the territory of the North American were more inclined to use ecology-friendly techniques to sustain traditional modes of farming and agriculture (27). In discussing the differences between farmers and hunter-gatherers, Evans-Pritchard outlines two distinguishing criteria that identify the Nuer tribes: political system and ecology (47). In particular, hunter-gathers do not have particular organizational structure and subordination; instead, their political order is more close to anarchy. In ecological terms, the hunters and farmer can b e classified in accordance with spatial discontinuity. In contrast, Pollan speaks about farmers and foragers through their attitude to plant and animals (123). In particular, farmers considered corn not only as the food, but as the good that can be sold. Therefore, there were mode focused on advancing their technologies and increasing yield. In their turn, foragers were less developed in these terms because they correlated food with culture and spirituality.Advertising Looking for term paper on anthropology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More While examining the elements of Nuer culture as compared with contemporary communities originating from the immigration, Holtzman emphasizes that the Nuer life is closely connected with the waves of immigrations to the United States and explains that hunter-gatherers are more attached to traditions, kin relations, and culture (42). They had little interest in technologies and other technique s because their values were not based on materialistic objects, but on the spiritual development. Social and Historical Forces That Are Responsible For These Modes of Life in the Recent Past Considering social factors affecting the formation of the farmers and hunter-gatherers, mostly all humans were hunter-gatherers over the years. However, this mode of life gradually altered due to the rise of agriculture that developed in societies. Paradoxically, despite of their chaotic structures, these groups are often united on the basis of kinship and tribe membership. Brody also emphasizes that hunter-gatherer tribes have a distinct division of labor on a gender basic (2). In this regard the nomadic groups of the past are closely associated with the migration process in the contemporary societies. Hence, the waves of immigrations predetermined by political and social processes made people change their modes of lives and choose a hunter-gatherer style of living (Pollan 24). The social and e conomical instability, therefore, played a decisive role in forming the groups (Gonzalez 103). The analysis of historic precondition distinctly reveals the evolution of farmers and hunters where the conventional strategies applied to agriculture have been gradually replaced by modern industrial farming (Gonzalez 172). Social and Historical Forces As Presented in the Current Situation Identifying the group: historical and social influences The migration processes in the twentieth century caused significant shifts in the lives of the American people and immigrations. Blend of cultures and traditions, therefore, have made both groups change heir lives and outlooks on the current situation. I would like to present the migration process in the United States and how the waves of migration influence political environment and modes of life of different groups, which are the brightest examples of modern conjunctures. It is possible to assume that migration paths are closely connected with gr oup’s motivations and goals to explore other lands and possibilities. Therefore, those people who migrate to the United State were less concerned with economic and social conditions, but were guided by the possibility to innovate.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on The Difference between Agricultural Societies and Hunter-Gathers Societies in the Past specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Providing connection between the past and the present. The migrating groups debunk the myth about historical and social predetermination of the group affiliation either to farming or to foraging communities. Hence, the facts that the migrating groups derive from the agricultural societies does not guarantee that they could change their farming orientation. Hence, the migration of the African tribes to the United States pushed them to the marginal areas proves that these groups with a deep historic of hunting and gathering ca n be simply converted in an agricultural society. Such process can also be called as the second Neolithic revolution, the transition from foragers to farmers. Such a conversion is predetermined by necessity to adjust to the new mode of living. From migrated groups from Africa, agriculture and farming was the only means for survival; it also provided a favorable ground for adjusting to alien culture and tradition and for meeting the needs of a new social and political environment. Works Cited Brody, Hugh. The Other Side of Eden: Hunters, Farmers, and the Shaping of the World. New York: North Point Press, 2001. Print. Evans-Pitchard, E. E.. The Nuer: A Description of the Modes of Livelihood and Political Instituions of a Nilotic People. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1940. Print. Gonzalez, Roberto Jesus. Zapotec Science: Farming and Food in the Northern Sierra of Oaxaca. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2001. Print. Holtzman, Jom. Nuer Journeys, Nuer Lives. Needham Heights: Allyn Bac on, 2000. Print.Advertising Looking for term paper on anthropology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Pollan, Michael. The Omnovore’s Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals. New York: Penguin Press, 2006. Print. This term paper on The Difference between Agricultural Societies and Hunter-Gathers Societies in the Past was written and submitted by user Pedro K. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Lifes a Bitch and Then You Rock

lIFE’S A BITCH AND THEN YOU ROCK Life is full of hardships, which is a bitch. But, if faced, they are overcome and you are rewarded, which rocks. However, if the problems are not dealt with, more problems will arise. My title is a quote by Art Alexakis- lead singer of the band Everclear. He was presented with problems in his life, but he faced them. And now his life is much better. No one ever promised that life would be easy, and no one ever told you exactly what to expect. This is because everyone’s life is different. No one faces the same challenges. But, everyone has to face life sooner or later. First, life confronts you with a problem. It is impossible to list every situation life can hand you, however, here are three scenarios that show different aspects of life. You’re a seventeen year-old girl who has just found out she is pregnant. Your boyfriend, afraid of the situation, has left you. Your parents, deeply religious, have shunned you. Your aunt allows you to stay in her house but disapproves. You are left alone to take care of yourself- sacrifice your childhood. In the next scenario, you’re a grown man. Your father has just suffered a severe stroke, his third in as many years. He is unconscious, in constant suffering, and kept alive, only by respirators that breathe for him. You must choose whether to keep him alive on the machine or pull the plug and let him die- decide his fate. Finally, you’re a 19 year-old college student that has to write a major essay. You haven’t made an effort all year. And if you don’t write a re asonable paper you will probably fail the class. It’s not a difficult assignment but you have to find time, research the subject, and not loose sight your goal- take the responsibility. Ursula K. Le Guin was presented with responsibility when she saw the sparrow trapped in the cage (564-565). She could have just walked away, but she took it upon herself to find... Free Essays on Life's a Bitch and Then You Rock Free Essays on Life's a Bitch and Then You Rock lIFE’S A BITCH AND THEN YOU ROCK Life is full of hardships, which is a bitch. But, if faced, they are overcome and you are rewarded, which rocks. However, if the problems are not dealt with, more problems will arise. My title is a quote by Art Alexakis- lead singer of the band Everclear. He was presented with problems in his life, but he faced them. And now his life is much better. No one ever promised that life would be easy, and no one ever told you exactly what to expect. This is because everyone’s life is different. No one faces the same challenges. But, everyone has to face life sooner or later. First, life confronts you with a problem. It is impossible to list every situation life can hand you, however, here are three scenarios that show different aspects of life. You’re a seventeen year-old girl who has just found out she is pregnant. Your boyfriend, afraid of the situation, has left you. Your parents, deeply religious, have shunned you. Your aunt allows you to stay in her house but disapproves. You are left alone to take care of yourself- sacrifice your childhood. In the next scenario, you’re a grown man. Your father has just suffered a severe stroke, his third in as many years. He is unconscious, in constant suffering, and kept alive, only by respirators that breathe for him. You must choose whether to keep him alive on the machine or pull the plug and let him die- decide his fate. Finally, you’re a 19 year-old college student that has to write a major essay. You haven’t made an effort all year. And if you don’t write a re asonable paper you will probably fail the class. It’s not a difficult assignment but you have to find time, research the subject, and not loose sight your goal- take the responsibility. Ursula K. Le Guin was presented with responsibility when she saw the sparrow trapped in the cage (564-565). She could have just walked away, but she took it upon herself to find...

Applied Social Marketing Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Applied Social Marketing Project - Essay Example It is root to many other crimes that are being committed such as robbery, as addicts want money to purchase the drug, violence at home when they are under the effect of the drug and many more such crimes and acts of violence. Throughout the length of this paper, the details related to drug abuse have been discussed. The symptoms that we should look for in a person who is an addict are also mentioned. There are some causes as to why a person would take up the drug such as peer pressure, stress or even violence at home. These causes are looked into in this paper. We have justified our position as to stop the use of drugs through campaigns that should be launched to increase the awareness of the risks of using and drugs and the health problems that are associated with it. The paper is about social marketing; let's explain what social marketing is: social marketing is an approach through which we try and achieve a social good through behavioral goals which are clearly identified and explained. It is not only a short term process but it also looks at the long term and tries to solve the issue for a longer period of time. This is done by using marketing techniques which can help achieve the goal. There are six features of this approach: customer or customer orientation, behavior and behavior goals, intervention mix and marketing mix, audience segmentation, exchange and competition. The process involves stages which are: scope, develop, implement, evaluate and follow-up. (http://www.nsms.org.uk/public/default.aspxPageID=10) The social issue that we have focused upon in this paper is drug abuse; drugs are a chemical substance which affects the way a normal body operates. Drugs can be sniffed, smoked, licked and injected. There are many substances such as mushrooms and alcohol which can be confused as drugs because they also affect the way the body functions. The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act definition of "drug" includes "articles intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease in man or other animals" and "articles (other than food) intended to affect the structure or any function of the body of man or other animals." (U.S. Food and Drug Administration, http://www.fda.gov/opacom/laws/fdcact/fdcact1.htm) Drug abuse is when the drugs are consumed more than the required amount and when they are consumed without any medical or health reason for consumption. Drug dependence can take three forms: tolerance, habit and addiction. Tolerance is when the body becomes used to a drug and to achieve the same effect we need to take higher and higher quantities of the drug. The condition worsens when the drug is used continuously for a long period of time. Withdrawal symptoms are experienced by the addict or dependent person when the use is stopped. Habit is when the person desires the drug. He physically may not require the drug but psychologically he wants to keep having it. The drug becomes a part of life; the person eventually may require the drug to function normally. Addiction is when the person starts to crave for the drug and existence without it seems impossible to the addict. Drugs can be classified into six types: The first type is alcohol and tobacco and their use is extensive by many people. They are consumed on a daily basis. The effect of these drugs starts to take place after consumption is continued for years. The second

Conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Conflict - Essay Example Some used avoidance while others used competition in conflict resolution. Still others use an accommodation, compromising or collaborating conflict resolution styles. The latter was sociologically effective in eliciting a win-win resolution to situation. A non-assertive collaborator is a silent onlooker of the conflict situation and whose decision can be swayed and be taken advantaged with such helplessness. The person could be influenced to various demands and requests thoughtlessly. Roger (2008) pointed that non-assertive collaborator allow other people to decide for his fate, direction and outcome of living. Roger (2008) explicated that such personality can be depicted as emotionally dishonest, ambivalent, thrives in denial and hindered by inhibitions. In conflict situation, non-assertive collaborator could be easily offended, nervous, and sometimes confused with one’s decision. He could be critical too to the point of ambivalence. Non-assertive person’s gestures are illustrated with shyness or inability to establish eye contacts whenever communicating or there is obvious hesitancy to commit and assume responsibilities or obligations (Roger, 2008). The person is uncertain of his participation in this collaboration, although there is certain level of emotional satisfaction in his involvement in conflict situation management. Depending on the depth of the knowledge and skills of the collaborator, the non-assertive character could susceptibly be understood as a person who weighs issues without aggression and attempts to deal with situation in a calmer and patient management. However, as conflict management requires intellectual impartiality in dealing with conflict situation, decisions require that all accounts of the situations and issues are weighed well to achieve a certain level of justness in the decision-makings (Armstrong, 2004). While hoping to achieve better solution to

The Due Process and Offender Supervision Models Essay Example for Free

The Due Process and Offender Supervision Models Essay The criminal justice system has been described on various models for dealing with offenders. According to Herbert Packer’s â€Å"Two Models of the Criminal Process† in 1964, he described the criminal justice process in the US as a result of the struggle between the two models or value systems. These two are the crime control model and the due process model. These two differs in their approach in dealing with offenders. The crime control model was described like that of the â€Å"assembly-line conveyor belt† since it aims to resolve the case and bring punishment to the offender as efficiently as possible. This model operates on the idea or â€Å"the presumption of guilt† that suggests that if the offender has been charged and arrested then they are really guilty of the crime and deserves punishments. The due process model also aims to convict the guilty but at the same time protect their rights and prevent innocent people from injustices, police abuses and inequality. This method might work in favor of the offender but not with the victims of crimes. It tends to slow down the process and may hinder the truth. This model has been described as the â€Å"obstacle course† for an efficient justice system. A new model also came out which seek to improve the current criminal justice system. These two new models include the punitive and non-punitive model. Punitive model is said to combine the crime control and due process model. This model asserts the retaliatory importance of punishment for the offender together with the need of the victims and the accused. The non-punitive model on the other hand have given emphasis on the attempt to minimize the pain of both victimization and punishment by promoting crime prevention and restorative justice this according to Kent Roach’s Four Models Of The Criminal Process. The criminal justice models have continued to improve its system as the crime offenders haven’t decrease from the years that passed. The rights of the victims and the offender have been both considered. The models serves as guide for law enforcers to minimize victimization at the same time provide efficient justice system. Community Corrections models The community corrections take many forms and types and each was tried and tested to identify which among is the best method to help rehabilitate crime offenders. What is the role of community corrections? This community correction pertains to pretrial diversion and intermediate sanctions given to felons or misdemeanants. It also refers to non incarcerative, yet supervised way of dealing with offenders. Community corrections takes the form of probation and parole, day reporting centers, house arrest, electronic monitoring, half way houses and many others. Among these probation and parole are the commonly utilized forms of community corrections. Community corrections operate on basic principles and philosophies. One of these is reintegration or residential stability which pertains to the need of the offender to be place in a home or community environment. The provision of professional services like medical or psychological assistance is also important. The offenders need to undergo rehabilitation. There must also be accountability between the offender and the supervisor to monitor and evaluate the progress. There is also economic efficiency which emphasizes the need of the offenders to find and hold a job to help them return in the society. These activities are based on the philosophy of restorative justice, the idea that offenders need to have a complete life change to be able to rejoin in the community once again. Community corrections has helped to lessen the overcrowding of jails, keep the cost of criminal justice down and provide as a final stage of the criminal justice process as mentioned in the Megalinks In Criminal Justice. In offender supervision there are also models or approaches being followed or adapted to be able for the officers to handle the offenders under their supervision and guidance especially in probation and parole. The Casework Supervision Model of 1900 to 1970 is a model concern with diagnosis and treatment. It is where that the officers saw themselves as â€Å"caseworkers†. The Brokerage Supervision Model of 1970 to 1980 identified that the officers are not adequately skilled to deliver specialized services. A Community Resource Management Team therefore is needed to provide services for employment training, drug and alcohol abuse treatment, family counseling and many other kinds of services. The next one is the Justice Model of Supervision of 1980-1995. It concerns with risk management and control, it also emphasized surveillance to effect compliance with court orders. Another model is the Broken Windows Model which gives emphasis on partnership with police and treatment providers, transparency and program evaluation of effectiveness according to Wes Krause’s Community Corrections. The Models and their Effectiveness in Dealing with Offenders Both the criminal justice system and community correction system have various models or approaches to consider. These models have been adjusted and modified to meet the changing needs of times and to improve its system. The crime control model and due process model are considered not enough to give justice to victims adequately that is why the punitive and non-punitive models are being adapted in the criminal justice system. The latest models of punitive and non-punitive models seek to remedy the problems that arise from previous models of criminal justice system. In punitive model for example the justice system combines the crime model and due process model to adequately meet the needs of both the offender and the crime victims. In the non punitive models some agree that punishment is not the solution in solving crime but can be solve through the use of crime prevention and restorative justice and other alternatives to incarceration. In the field of offender supervision, the Casework Model is traditionally and extensively used it is where that the officer becomes the primary agent of treatment and moral recovery. Later models seem to revitalize the existing approach making it more visible in the public and increase the success rate for probationers and parolees. The Promise of the Current Practices The current trends in the criminal justice system will definitely affect the future system. The future of law enforcement depends on which model will dominate the system in the future. If the Crime Control Model will dominate it is expected that the police will have fewer limitations to combat crime while if the Due Process Model dominates it is expected that pretrial detention will not be use to often and people are entitled to remain free until they are proven guilty. Also the Restorative Justice will be another alternative for the punitive justice currently used in the US. Reintegrative Shaming a form of restorative justice can also be adapted on the future law enforcement. Technology will greatly affect the current and future trends of criminal justice system. There will be increase in the use of interactive televisions, DNA profiling and DNA database. Electronic surveillance will create greater chance for monitoring of the offenders. In terms of community corrections, it faced issue on whether to devote more on punishment or rehabilitation. Intermediate sanction programs face a lot of problems like lack of funding and the inability to be as intensive as possible. The caseloads of officers continue to increase in number while the government continues to look for alternatives to incarceration. The community corrections had identified which method worked and doesn’t work out effectively in dealing with offenders. Work Cited Krause, Wes. â€Å"Chapter 6 the History of Supervision Philosophy and Practice†. Community Corrections. 19 November 2008. http://criminaljustice. csusb. edu/Krause/CJ431/CJ431Chapter6. pdf O’ Connor, T. â€Å"Community Corrections†. 2 July 2006. Megalinks in Criminal Justice. 19 November 2008. http://www. apsu. edu/ Roach, Kent. â€Å"Four Models of the Criminal Process†. 1999. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology: Northwestern University School of Law. 21 November 2008 http://findarticels. com â€Å"Chapter 14 Understanding and Predicting the Future of Criminal Justice†. 19 November 2008 http://www. unt. edu/cjus/Course_Pages/CJUS_2100/2100chapter14. ppt.